很多客戶不清楚無功補(bu)(bu)償的(de)作用(yong)以(yi)及動(dong)態(tai)補(bu)(bu)償和靜態(tai)補(bu)(bu)償的(de)區(qu)別,下(xia)面(mian)希拓(tuo)小編就帶您了解一下(xia)兩者之間(jian)的(de)區(qu)別。
無功補償(chang)的(de)主(zhu)要作用就是在(zai)電(dian)(dian)力供(gong)電(dian)(dian)系統(tong)中提(ti)高功率因數以減少設備容量和功率損耗(hao)、穩(wen)定(ding)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)和提(ti)高供(gong)電(dian)(dian)質量,在(zai)長(chang)距(ju)離輸電(dian)(dian)中提(ti)高輸電(dian)(dian)穩(wen)定(ding)性和輸電(dian)(dian)能力以及平衡(heng)三相(xiang)負(fu)載的(de)有功和無功功率。因此合(he)理的(de)選擇無功補償(chang)裝置可(ke)以有效的(de)減少供(gong)電(dian)(dian)系統(tong)損耗(hao),提(ti)高電(dian)(dian)網(wang)質量。反之可(ke)能造成供(gong)電(dian)(dian)系統(tong)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)波動、諧波增(zeng)大(da)等諸多因素(su)。
靜態補償及其優點
所謂靜態(tai)補償,是指(zhi)補償電(dian)容器(qi)不(bu)隨(sui)(sui)無功(gong)功(gong)率(lv)的(de)波(bo)動而實(shi)時(shi)(shi)跟蹤(zong)投(tou)(tou)切(qie),不(bu)但不(bu)實(shi)時(shi)(shi)投(tou)(tou)切(qie),還要人為(wei)(wei)地延(yan)時(shi)(shi)投(tou)(tou)切(qie),一般延(yan)時(shi)(shi)在40s以(yi)上。隨(sui)(sui)著用電(dian)設備的(de)投(tou)(tou)入(ru)或(huo)切(qie)除(chu),電(dian)網(wang)所需的(de)無功(gong)功(gong)率(lv)也隨(sui)(sui)之變化,為(wei)(wei)了(le)不(bu)使(shi)電(dian)容器(qi)投(tou)(tou)切(qie)過于頻繁,造成投(tou)(tou)切(qie)元件損(sun)壞嚴重及電(dian)容器(qi)受到沖擊次數過多(duo),采(cai)取人為(wei)(wei)延(yan)時(shi)(shi)措施(shi),待供電(dian)回路功(gong)率(lv)因素(su)穩定地低于某一規定值(zhi)后,再投(tou)(tou)入(ru)電(dian)容器(qi)。反之,當(dang)功(gong)率(lv)因素(su)持續高于某一值(zhi),或(huo)出現向電(dian)網(wang)返送無功(gong)功(gong)率(lv)時(shi)(shi),經延(yan)時(shi)(shi)后,上述現象沒有改(gai)觀再切(qie)除(chu)補償電(dian)容器(qi)。
靜(jing)態補償對用(yong)電單位在(zai)一段時間(jian)內(nei)的(de)平(ping)均功率(lv)因(yin)數并無(wu)不(bu)良影響,也不(bu)影響供電部門對收費的(de)影響,反而(er)因(yin)避免(mian)了頻繁投(tou)切(qie)延長了執行元(yuan)件及(ji)補償電容器的(de)使用(yong)壽命。另外(wai),由(you)于不(bu)隨(sui)無(wu)功功率(lv)的(de)波動而(er)實時地(di)進(jin)行投(tou)切(qie),投(tou)切(qie)用(yong)的(de)執行元(yuan)件采(cai)用(yong)接(jie)觸(chu)器即能滿足(zu)要求,從而(er)減(jian)少了補償裝(zhuang)置的(de)造價,也方便對其維護(hu)。
由于靜態(tai)補償有上述優點,因此目前幾(ji)乎(hu)都采用(yong)靜態(tai)補償裝置。
動態補償及其優點
動態(tai)補(bu)(bu)償(chang)(chang)是補(bu)(bu)償(chang)(chang)電容(rong)器的投(tou)(tou)切(qie)(qie)(qie)要(yao)緊隨(sui)負荷的無(wu)功功率的變(bian)化(hua),不失時機(ji)地投(tou)(tou)切(qie)(qie)(qie)電容(rong)器,即進行(xing)(xing)實時跟(gen)蹤補(bu)(bu)償(chang)(chang)。為達到(dao)實時跟(gen)蹤補(bu)(bu)償(chang)(chang)的目的,從信號的檢測到(dao)投(tou)(tou)切(qie)(qie)(qie)的執(zhi)行(xing)(xing)要(yao)在10~20ms內完成(cheng)。若采用電磁(ci)元件作(zuo)執(zhi)行(xing)(xing)元件,就無(wu)法滿足這種快(kuai)速(su)投(tou)(tou)切(qie)(qie)(qie)的要(yao)求(qiu)。為達到(dao)快(kuai)速(su)檢測及(ji)快(kuai)速(su)投(tou)(tou)切(qie)(qie)(qie)要(yao)求(qiu),采用電子檢測與晶閘管投(tou)(tou)切(qie)(qie)(qie)方式,因為如果采用電磁(ci)元件投(tou)(tou)切(qie)(qie)(qie),最快(kuai)也要(yao)在0.2s以(yi)上才能完成(cheng)。
動(dong)態電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)補償(chang)并不是一種新技術(shu),早已在電(dian)(dian)(dian)弧煉鋼爐(lu)上得到(dao)應用。電(dian)(dian)(dian)弧爐(lu)在爐(lu)料熔化過(guo)程中,短網不時發生(sheng),其(qi)沖擊電(dian)(dian)(dian)流造成供電(dian)(dian)(dian)母線(xian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓劇烈波動(dong),對(dui)其(qi)他用戶(hu)產生(sheng)不良(liang)影響,這種特(te)殊的電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓瞬(shun)時波動(dong)稱為(wei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓的閃(shan)變,也有人稱為(wei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)晃。為(wei)克服上述不良(liang)影響,改善(shan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)系統電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓質量,加入電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器瞬(shun)時跟(gen)蹤補償(chang),使電(dian)(dian)(dian)弧爐(lu)所(suo)需(xu)無功由電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器瞬(shun)時就地(di)補給,而不必由電(dian)(dian)(dian)網遠距離(li)傳輸,這樣(yang)向電(dian)(dian)(dian)弧爐(lu)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)的共用電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓母線(xian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓閃(shan)變減輕,從而改善(shan)了供電(dian)(dian)(dian)質量。
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