企業分廠級(ji)變(bian)電(dian)(dian)站和用戶端實際(ji)功(gong)(gong)率因數一般較低,會使(shi)大量無功(gong)(gong)環(huan)(huan)流(liu)在企業內部循環(huan)(huan),造成變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器和供(gong)電(dian)(dian)線路電(dian)(dian)流(liu)增大,有(you)功(gong)(gong)損耗增加,末(mo)端供(gong)電(dian)(dian)質量下降。當(dang)導致(zhi)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)嚴(yan)重(zhong)降低,波行畸變(bian)時,會造成電(dian)(dian)器設備誤動作及設備損壞。電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)降低還(huan)會使(shi)電(dian)(dian)動機轉矩顯著下降,出力(li)降低。大量感性負載(zai)則會造成電(dian)(dian)網供(gong)電(dian)(dian)能力(li)下降。
企業提高功率因數的4條途徑
1、利用(yong)移相電(dian)容(rong)器(qi)產生超前(qian)電(dian)網(wang)電(dian)壓90°的容(rong)性(xing)電(dian)流特性(xing),與電(dian)動機、變壓器(qi)產生滯后(hou)電(dian)網(wang)電(dian)壓90°的感性(xing)電(dian)流相抵(di)消(補償(chang))作用(yong),在用(yong)戶線路上分別適當并聯(lian)移相電(dian)容(rong)器(qi),可(ke)使前(qian)端電(dian)網(wang)上的無功電(dian)流大(da)大(da)降低。
2、為適應工廠生(sheng)產過程中負荷(he)的變化,分廠、車間變電所低壓母線側安裝的移相電容器,應分成(cheng)若干組(zu)并采(cai)用自動(dong)控(kong)制投切方式,以(yi)保證全廠的功(gong)率因數(shu)在各種工作狀況下能保持較高數(shu)置。
3、根據生產使用(yong)(yong)要求選擇(ze)和(he)調整最(zui)適宜的(de)設(she)(she)(she)備和(he)最(zui)合理的(de)容量,使變壓器和(he)電動機在經(jing)濟狀態下運(yun)行,避免“大馬拉小車”和(he)設(she)(she)(she)備長期(qi)空載運(yun)行,提高(gao)用(yong)(yong)電設(she)(she)(she)備的(de)自然功率因數。這樣可(ke)相應減(jian)少(shao)無功補償設(she)(she)(she)備容量投(tou)入,降低無功補償設(she)(she)(she)備投(tou)資。
4、利用同步(bu)電動機(ji)(ji)(ji)在一定許可條件(jian)下(xia)向電網輸出無功,起(qi)到無功補償作用特(te)點,對不要(yao)求調速的較大型機(ji)(ji)(ji)械(xie)在作經濟比較后(hou),優先采用同步(bu)電動機(ji)(ji)(ji)。
當無功補償容(rong)量(liang)達到(dao)完全補(bu)(bu)償時(shi)(shi)cosΦ=1,節(jie)電(dian)效(xiao)果最大。但此時(shi)(shi)宜發生過補(bu)(bu)償,反而會(hui)使節(jie)電(dian)效(xiao)果降低。通過計算(suan)可(ke)以(yi)得到(dao),當(dang)所選(xuan)無功補(bu)(bu)償容(rong)量(liang)為完全補(bu)(bu)償容(rong)量(liang)的70%時(shi)(shi),節(jie)電(dian)效(xiao)果仍可(ke)達到(dao)最大節(jie)電(dian)效(xiao)果的91%,此時(shi)(shi)cosΦ=0.95。這樣即(ji)可(ke)減(jian)少(shao)30%無功補(bu)(bu)償容(rong)量(liang),節(jie)約補(bu)(bu)償裝(zhuang)置投(tou)資,又能達到(dao)較(jiao)好的節(jie)電(dian)效(xiao)果。所以(yi)功率因數值選(xuan)擇(ze)在(zai)0.90~0.95最適宜。
希拓電(dian)(dian)(dian)氣創立于(yu)2014年,是一家集研(yan)發(fa)、生產、銷售和(he)服(fu)務于(yu)一體(ti)的高(gao)新(xin)技術企業,致力于(yu)為(wei)客戶提(ti)供一流(liu)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)質(zhi)量解決方案,旗下有(you)(you)希拓電(dian)(dian)(dian)氣(上(shang)海(hai))有(you)(you)限(xian)公司(si)、希拓電(dian)(dian)(dian)氣(常州(zhou))有(you)(you)限(xian)公司(si)。主(zhu)要(yao)產品包括:電(dian)(dian)(dian)容器(qi)(qi)(qi)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)抗器(qi)(qi)(qi)、晶(jing)閘(zha)管(guan)投切模塊,無(wu)功功率(lv)控制器(qi)(qi)(qi)、低壓無(wu)功補(bu)償成套裝置(zhi)、有(you)(you)源電(dian)(dian)(dian)力濾波器(qi)(qi)(qi)、靜止無(wu)功發(fa)生器(qi)(qi)(qi)及(ji)諧波保(bao)護器(qi)(qi)(qi)等。