伴隨著(zhu)光伏發電(dian)應用(yong)技術的(de)日趨成(cheng)熟,越來越多(duo)的(de)工(gong)業制造企業開始(shi)建設自(zi)身的(de)光伏電(dian)站,用(yong)來彌(mi)補工(gong)業用(yong)電(dian)的(de)不(bu)足,同(tong)時減(jian)少工(gong)業用(yong)電(dian)費用(yong)的(de)支出(chu)。但是(shi)光伏電(dian)站并網(wang)后功率因數會(hui)下降,這是(shi)為什么呢?下面通過一個(ge)具體實(shi)例進(jin)行探(tan)討。
某汽車制造企業主變電站現有110kV/10kV主變一臺,容量為25MVA。供電系統以1回110kV線路接入供電公司供電網絡,10kV配電系統采用單母線分段方式。同時,10kV配電系統分別在兩段母線上設有無功補償裝置。
在光(guang)伏(fu)系統(tong)接入之前的一個(ge)月,供電公(gong)司(si)用戶計量關口處功率因數(shu)達到0.94,情況(kuang)良好。光(guang)伏(fu)系統(tong)正式(shi)接入供配電系統(tong)投入運行后,在投運初期發電效(xiao)率還(huan)不穩定,有功功率較少(shao),對整體功率因數(shu)的影響較小(xiao)。
伴隨著后期進入春(chun)季(ji)和夏(xia)季(ji),光照時間等氣候條件變(bian)好,發(fa)電(dian)(dian)效(xiao)率(lv)逐步提升,有(you)功(gong)(gong)(gong)功(gong)(gong)(gong)率(lv)明顯(xian)增加(jia),對(dui)功(gong)(gong)(gong)率(lv)因(yin)數的影響(xiang)逐步顯(xian)現(xian)。功(gong)(gong)(gong)率(lv)因(yin)數持續(xu)(xu)大幅降(jiang)(jiang)低,未(wei)達到(dao)(dao)考核(he)值0.9,造成供(gong)電(dian)(dian)公司罰款。對(dui)于整個供(gong)配(pei)電(dian)(dian)系(xi)統的供(gong)電(dian)(dian)公司計量(liang)點(dian)(A點(dian))來說,有(you)功(gong)(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)量(liang)下降(jiang)(jiang)明顯(xian)。無功(gong)(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)量(liang)基本(ben)穩定。有(you)功(gong)(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)量(liang)下降(jiang)(jiang)明顯(xian),無功(gong)(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)量(liang)基本(ben)問題(ti),功(gong)(gong)(gong)率(lv)因(yin)數持續(xu)(xu)大幅降(jiang)(jiang)低,未(wei)達到(dao)(dao)考核(he)值0.9,造成供(gong)電(dian)(dian)公司力(li)調電(dian)(dian)費罰款。
如何解決這一問題?有兩個方法可以參考
(1)將光伏系統的無功補償信號取樣點,改為供電公司計量點。這樣處理的話,可以改善配電系統的無功補償狀態,提供配電系統的功率因數。
(2)在(zai)10kV配電(dian)母(mu)線上投入無功補(bu)償裝(zhuang)置,進(jin)行配電(dian)系統的無功調壓,改善功率因數。
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