功(gong)(gong)(gong)率(lv)因數的(de)產(chan)生主要(yao)(yao)是因為交(jiao)流用電設(she)備(bei)在(zai)其(qi)工作過程中,除消耗有功(gong)(gong)(gong)功(gong)(gong)(gong)率(lv)外,還需要(yao)(yao)無功(gong)(gong)(gong)功(gong)(gong)(gong)率(lv)。當有功(gong)(gong)(gong)功(gong)(gong)(gong)率(lv)P一定時(shi),如減(jian)少無功(gong)(gong)(gong)功(gong)(gong)(gong)率(lv)Q,則功(gong)(gong)(gong)率(lv)因數便能(neng)夠提高。在(zai)極端(duan)情況(kuang)下,當Q=0時(shi),則其(qi)功(gong)(gong)(gong)率(lv)因數為1。因此(ci)提高功(gong)(gong)(gong)率(lv)因數問題的(de)實質就是減(jian)少用電設(she)備(bei)的(de)無功(gong)(gong)(gong)功(gong)(gong)(gong)率(lv)需要(yao)(yao)量。
1、異步電動機和電力變壓器是耗用無功功率的主要設備。異步電動機的定子與轉子間的氣隙是決定異步電動機需要較多無功的主要因素。而異步電動機所耗用的無功功率是由其空載時的無功功率和一定負載下無功功率增加值兩部分所組成。所以要改善異步電動機的功率因數就要防止電動機的空載運行并盡可能提高負載率。變壓器無功消耗主要是空載和低負荷,與負載率的大小無關。因而,為了改善電力系統和企業的功率因數,變壓器不應空載運行或長期處于低負載運行狀態。