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銅電抗與鋁電抗的區別

日期:2022-11-21    瀏覽量:載入中...

   電抗器(qi)在(zai)電容補償系(xi)統(tong)里面的主(zhu)要兩個作用:第(di)一(yi),是抑制涌流;第(di)二,是抑制諧波(bo)的影響;


  這兩個作用可以保證電(dian)容補(bu)償(chang)系統更(geng)安全的(de)使(shi)用,比如說涌流,因為我們(men)的(de)電(dian)容器是一個儲(chu)能元(yuan)件,所以當電(dian)容器投(tou)入系統的(de)時(shi)候,系統會對(dui)電(dian)容器進行充電(dian)。


  這(zhe)(zhe)個(ge)(ge)充電(dian)的(de)(de)過程(cheng)中,它相當于短路,所(suo)以(yi)這(zhe)(zhe)個(ge)(ge)時(shi)候(hou)(hou)會有大量的(de)(de)沖(chong)(chong)擊(ji)電(dian)流產生,再看電(dian)容(rong)器(qi)的(de)(de)技術參數指標(biao)(biao)的(de)(de)時(shi)候(hou)(hou),就(jiu)會發現上面寫的(de)(de)很(hen)清楚(chu),我(wo)們的(de)(de)電(dian)容(rong)器(qi)的(de)(de)耐受沖(chong)(chong)擊(ji)電(dian)流的(de)(de)能力,損失(shi)是300倍的(de)(de)額定(ding)電(dian)流,這(zhe)(zhe)個(ge)(ge)是非(fei)常大的(de)(de)一個(ge)(ge)指標(biao)(biao),從這(zhe)(zhe)個(ge)(ge)指標(biao)(biao)也能夠(gou)知道,涌(yong)流會非(fei)常的(de)(de)大。所(suo)以(yi)我(wo)們在設計電(dian)容(rong)補償系統的(de)(de)時(shi)候(hou)(hou)就(jiu)會想辦法去減少(shao)涌(yong)流。因為涌(yong)流越小對系統的(de)(de)沖(chong)(chong)擊(ji)是越小。

濾波電抗器

  還有一個就是(shi)抑制(zhi)諧(xie)(xie)波的(de)(de)(de)影響(xiang),因為(wei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器(qi)在配電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)系(xi)統里(li)面(mian)應用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)時候,它對于諧(xie)(xie)波的(de)(de)(de)阻抗是(shi)非常(chang)小的(de)(de)(de),所以(yi)諧(xie)(xie)波比(bi)較喜(xi)歡通(tong)過(guo)(guo)它。當諧(xie)(xie)波通(tong)過(guo)(guo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器(qi)的(de)(de)(de)時候,電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器(qi)合成(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)總(zong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)就會增加,電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)的(de)(de)(de)增加會導致電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器(qi)的(de)(de)(de)發熱(re),發熱(re)嚴重就會損害電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器(qi),所以(yi)如果從保(bao)護(hu)(hu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器(qi)的(de)(de)(de)角(jiao)度來(lai)講,我(wo)們并不希望更多的(de)(de)(de)諧(xie)(xie)波電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)流(liu)進電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器(qi),這個時候我(wo)們就可以(yi)通(tong)過(guo)(guo)在前端串接電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)抗器(qi)的(de)(de)(de)方案來(lai)阻止諧(xie)(xie)波電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)流(liu)入電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器(qi),但是(shi)這個加電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)抗器(qi)以(yi)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器(qi),是(shi)對無(wu)功補償系(xi)統而(er)言。


  但(dan)是如(ru)果我們是基于電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)和電(dian)(dian)(dian)抗器(qi)構成(cheng)的(de)濾波(bo)系統而言,電(dian)(dian)(dian)抗器(qi)是需要承載(zai)諧(xie)波(bo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流通路的(de)作(zuo)用。在這種(zhong)情況(kuang)下,電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器(qi)的(de)設(she)計方案是不一樣的(de),它區別于我們的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)補償用的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器(qi)。


  通(tong)過這一(yi)點呢(ni),大家(jia)就(jiu)(jiu)知(zhi)道電(dian)抗器的(de)作(zuo)用(yong)是限制涌流和抑制諧波,我們(men)也就(jiu)(jiu)更清(qing)楚(chu)了(le)電(dian)抗器在這個無(wu)功補償(chang)系統里面(mian)有(you)非常(chang)重要(yao)的(de)作(zuo)用(yong)。而不同(tong)材(cai)質的(de)電(dian)抗器又有(you)著明(ming)顯的(de)差異(yi)。


  從下圖我們來看看銅、鋁電抗的各類參數:

04.jpg


  其實這兩種材(cai)(cai)質的電(dian)抗(kang)(kang)器經過專(zhuan)門的設計(ji)都可以(yi)達到(dao)相同的性能(neng),它們之間的區別在于:銅材(cai)(cai)比鋁(lv)材(cai)(cai)的損耗(hao)小,溫升低,使(shi)用(yong)(yong)年(nian)限長,如果鋁(lv)材(cai)(cai)能(neng)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)15年(nian),銅材(cai)(cai)可能(neng)會使(shi)用(yong)(yong)20年(nian)以(yi)上。還(huan)有一個不容(rong)忽視的區別就是(shi)銅線電(dian)抗(kang)(kang)器要比鋁(lv)線電(dian)抗(kang)(kang)器貴(gui),原(yuan)因顯(xian)而易見,銅材(cai)(cai)比鋁(lv)材(cai)(cai)價格(ge)高。鋁(lv)電(dian)抗(kang)(kang)雖然(ran)價格(ge)便宜,但是(shi)使(shi)系(xi)統損耗(hao)直接增加一倍,長期在系(xi)統內使(shi)用(yong)(yong),對電(dian)能(neng)也(ye)是(shi)一筆(bi)不小的損耗(hao),同時也(ye)減(jian)少了對電(dian)力電(dian)容(rong)器的保(bao)護,影響無功補償系(xi)統的正常(chang)運行。


  電抗器的線材


  這是我們(men)在銷售過程中,客戶問的(de)最多的(de),我們(men)電(dian)抗(kang)(kang)器也以線(xian)材(cai)(cai)來命名,從類型來看有(you)兩類:線(xian)繞(rao)電(dian)抗(kang)(kang)器和(he)箔繞(rao)電(dian)抗(kang)(kang)器,從材(cai)(cai)質(zhi)(zhi)來分(fen):鋁(lv)材(cai)(cai)電(dian)抗(kang)(kang)器,銅(tong)材(cai)(cai)電(dian)抗(kang)(kang)器,這里我們(men)拿材(cai)(cai)質(zhi)(zhi)線(xian)繞(rao)為例(li)來說明。


  我們來看一(yi)下銅(tong)和鋁這兩種材質的(de)比(bi)較,銅(tong)相對于(yu)鋁來講,密度大,電(dian)流通過性(xing)(xing)好,也(ye)(ye)就(jiu)是(shi)我們所(suo)說的(de)導電(dian)性(xing)(xing)能(neng)好,導電(dian)性(xing)(xing)能(neng)越好,發(fa)熱(re)越小(xiao),溫(wen)升(sheng)低,當然損耗就(jiu)小(xiao),使用(yong)年限(xian)更(geng)長(chang),所(suo)以銅(tong)優于(yu)鋁。如(ru)果(guo)民用(yong)級項(xiang)目(mu),經過專門(men)的(de)設計,用(yong)鋁材也(ye)(ye)是(shi)可以的(de),負(fu)載變(bian)化(hua)大的(de)工業級項(xiang)目(mu)就(jiu)必須要用(yong)銅(tong)材質。即便是(shi)銅(tong),也(ye)(ye)有(you)紅銅(tong)(紫(zi)銅(tong))和黃(huang)(huang)銅(tong)之分,紅銅(tong)是(shi)更(geng)純凈的(de)銅(tong),黃(huang)(huang)銅(tong)是(shi)銅(tong)和鋅(xin)加工而成(cheng)。紅銅(tong)具有(you)更(geng)好的(de)的(de)導電(dian)性(xing)(xing)和導熱(re)性(xing)(xing),所(suo)以即便是(shi)銅(tong)也(ye)(ye)是(shi)區(qu)別。


  綜上(shang)所述,從性能(neng)來(lai)看(kan),紅銅>黃(huang)銅>鋁(lv),從造(zao)價來(lai)看(kan)也(ye)是(shi)紅銅>黃(huang)銅>鋁(lv),所以我們在(zai)購買時(shi)不能(neng)單(dan)純的比價格(ge),一定要(yao)看(kan)材(cai)質(zhi)。


  由(you)于我們線材表面(mian)都要烤漆(qi)(qi)處理(達到絕緣的(de)目的(de),烤漆(qi)(qi)工藝(yi)也有(you)講(jiang)究,這(zhe)里不深談),做成漆(qi)(qi)包線,在(zai)外表看不太容易區(qu)別,所(suo)以很多廠家利用這(zhe)個(ge)空子以次(ci)充好欺(qi)詐客戶,以鋁充銅,更有(you)甚者用噴涂線或(huo)絲包線,絕緣層(ceng)易脫落,耐熱等級低(di)。這(zhe)里有(you)個(ge)很簡單粗暴的(de)方法,就(jiu)(jiu)是看一下(xia)銅鼻子或(huo)者用小(xiao)刀劃出就(jiu)(jiu)能看出,內部是沒法造假的(de)。


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