可控硅(gui)的(de)作用(yong)有哪些(xie)？
可控硅(gui)(gui)的(de)作用有哪些？想要明白可控硅(gui)(gui)的(de)作用，首先我們要知道可控硅(gui)(gui)是(shi)什么，以及(ji)可控硅(gui)(gui)工(gong)作的(de)原(yuan)理是(shi)什么樣的(de)。
可控硅概(gai)況
可(ke)(ke)控(kong)(kong)硅(gui)是可(ke)(ke)控(kong)(kong)硅(gui)整流(liu)元件的(de)(de)(de)簡(jian)稱，是一(yi)種具有(you)三個PN 結(jie)的(de)(de)(de)四層結(jie)構的(de)(de)(de)大功(gong)率半(ban)(ban)導(dao)體(ti)器(qi)件，一(yi)般(ban)由兩(liang)晶閘管反向連(lian)接而成。它(ta)的(de)(de)(de)功(gong)能(neng)不僅是整流(liu)，還(huan)可(ke)(ke)以(yi)用作無觸點(dian)開關的(de)(de)(de)快速接通或切斷；實現將(jiang)直流(liu)電變成交(jiao)流(liu)電的(de)(de)(de)逆變；將(jiang)一(yi)種頻率的(de)(de)(de)交(jiao)流(liu)電變成另一(yi)種頻率的(de)(de)(de)交(jiao)流(liu)電等(deng)等(deng)。可(ke)(ke)控(kong)(kong)硅(gui)和其它(ta)半(ban)(ban)導(dao)體(ti)器(qi)件一(yi)樣，有(you)體(ti)積小、效(xiao)率高(gao)、穩定性好、工作可(ke)(ke)靠等(deng)優點(dian)。它(ta)的(de)(de)(de)出現，使半(ban)(ban)導(dao)體(ti)技術從弱電領(ling)域(yu)進(jin)入了強電領(ling)域(yu)，成為工業、農業、交(jiao)通運輸(shu)、軍事科研以(yi)至商業、民用電器(qi)等(deng)方(fang)面(mian)(mian)爭相采(cai)用的(de)(de)(de)元件。目前可(ke)(ke)控(kong)(kong)硅(gui)在自(zi)動控(kong)(kong)制、機電應用、工業電氣及家電等(deng)方(fang)面(mian)(mian)都有(you)應用。
可控(kong)硅從外形上區分主要(yao)有螺旋(xuan)式(shi)、平板式(shi)和平底式(shi)三(san)種。螺旋(xuan)式(shi)應用較多。
可(ke)控(kong)硅工(gong)作原理解析
可(ke)控硅結構原件(jian)
可(ke)(ke)控(kong)(kong)硅(gui)(gui)有(you)三個(ge)極(ji)(ji)----陽(yang)極(ji)(ji)（A）、陰極(ji)(ji)（C）和控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)極(ji)(ji)（G），管芯是P型導(dao)體和N型導(dao)體交迭組成(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)四層結構，共有(you)三個(ge)PN 結，與只(zhi)有(you)一(yi)個(ge)PN結的(de)(de)(de)硅(gui)(gui)整流(liu)(liu)二極(ji)(ji)管在(zai)結構上迥然不同(tong)。可(ke)(ke)控(kong)(kong)硅(gui)(gui)的(de)(de)(de)四層結構和控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)極(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)引入，為其發(fa)揮“以(yi)(yi)小控(kong)(kong)大(da)”的(de)(de)(de)優異(yi)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)特性奠定了基礎。可(ke)(ke)控(kong)(kong)硅(gui)(gui)應(ying)用時(shi)，只(zhi)要在(zai)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)極(ji)(ji)加上很(hen)(hen)小的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)流(liu)(liu)或電(dian)壓，就能(neng)(neng)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)很(hen)(hen)大(da)的(de)(de)(de)陽(yang)極(ji)(ji)電(dian)流(liu)(liu)或電(dian)壓。目前(qian)已(yi)能(neng)(neng)制(zhi)造出電(dian)流(liu)(liu)容量達幾百安(an)培(pei)以(yi)(yi)至上千安(an)培(pei)的(de)(de)(de)可(ke)(ke)控(kong)(kong)硅(gui)(gui)元件。一(yi)般把5安(an)培(pei)以(yi)(yi)下的(de)(de)(de)可(ke)(ke)控(kong)(kong)硅(gui)(gui)叫小功率可(ke)(ke)控(kong)(kong)硅(gui)(gui)，50安(an)培(pei)以(yi)(yi)上的(de)(de)(de)可(ke)(ke)控(kong)(kong)硅(gui)(gui)叫大(da)功率可(ke)(ke)控(kong)(kong)硅(gui)(gui)。
![可控硅的作用有哪些？]( "可控硅的作用有哪些？")
![可控硅的作用有哪些？]( "可控硅的作用有哪些？")
我們可(ke)(ke)以把從(cong)陰極(ji)(ji)(ji)向(xiang)上(shang)數的(de)(de)第一(yi)(yi)(yi)、二(er)(er)、三(san)層看面是(shi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)只(zhi)NPN型(xing)號(hao)(hao)晶體管(guan)，而二(er)(er)、三(san)、四(si)層組成另一(yi)(yi)(yi)只(zhi)PNP型(xing)晶體管(guan)。其中第二(er)(er)、第三(san)層為兩管(guan)交迭共用。可(ke)(ke)畫出圖(tu)1的(de)(de)等效電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)圖(tu)。當(dang)(dang)在陽(yang)極(ji)(ji)(ji)和(he)(he)陰極(ji)(ji)(ji)之間加上(shang)一(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)正向(xiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓E，又在控制極(ji)(ji)(ji)G和(he)(he)陰極(ji)(ji)(ji)C之間（相當(dang)(dang)BG2的(de)(de)基(ji)(ji)一(yi)(yi)(yi)射間）輸入一(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)正的(de)(de)觸發信號(hao)(hao)，BG2將產生基(ji)(ji)極(ji)(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流Ib2，經放大(da)，BG2將有(you)一(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)放大(da)了(le)β2 倍的(de)(de)集(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流IC2 。因(yin)為BG2集(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)(ji)與(yu)BG1基(ji)(ji)極(ji)(ji)(ji)相連，IC2又是(shi)BG1 的(de)(de)基(ji)(ji)極(ji)(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流Ib1 。BG1又把Ib1（Ib2）放大(da)了(le)β1的(de)(de)集(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流IC1送回(hui)BG2的(de)(de)基(ji)(ji)極(ji)(ji)(ji)放大(da)。如此(ci)循(xun)環放大(da)，直到BG1、BG2完全(quan)導(dao)(dao)通。事實上(shang)這一(yi)(yi)(yi)過程是(shi)“一(yi)(yi)(yi)觸即發”的(de)(de)，對可(ke)(ke)控硅(gui)來說(shuo)，觸發信號(hao)(hao)加到控制極(ji)(ji)(ji)，可(ke)(ke)控硅(gui)立即導(dao)(dao)通。導(dao)(dao)通的(de)(de)時間主要決定于可(ke)(ke)控硅(gui)的(de)(de)性能。
可控(kong)(kong)硅一(yi)經觸(chu)發(fa)導通(tong)(tong)(tong)后，由于(yu)(yu)循環反(fan)饋的(de)原(yuan)因，流(liu)(liu)入BG2基極(ji)的(de)電流(liu)(liu)已不只是(shi)初(chu)始的(de)Ib2 ，而(er)是(shi)經過BG1、BG2放大后的(de)電流(liu)(liu)（β1*β2*Ib2），這一(yi)電流(liu)(liu)遠大于(yu)(yu)Ib2，足以保持(chi)(chi)BG2的(de)持(chi)(chi)續導通(tong)(tong)(tong)。此時(shi)(shi)觸(chu)發(fa)信(xin)號即使消失(shi)，可控(kong)(kong)硅仍保持(chi)(chi)導通(tong)(tong)(tong)狀態，只有斷開電源E或降(jiang)低E的(de)輸出電壓(ya)，使BG1、BG2 的(de)集電極(ji)電流(liu)(liu)小于(yu)(yu)維持(chi)(chi)導通(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)最小值(zhi)時(shi)(shi)，可控(kong)(kong)硅方可關斷。當然，如果E極(ji)性反(fan)接(jie)，BG1、BG2受到反(fan)向(xiang)(xiang)電壓(ya)作用將處于(yu)(yu)截止(zhi)狀態。這時(shi)(shi)，即使輸入觸(chu)發(fa)信(xin)號，可控(kong)(kong)硅也(ye)不能工(gong)作。反(fan)過來(lai)，E接(jie)成正向(xiang)(xiang)，而(er)觸(chu)動(dong)發(fa)信(xin)號是(shi)負的(de)，可控(kong)(kong)硅也(ye)不能導通(tong)(tong)(tong)。另外，如果不加觸(chu)發(fa)信(xin)號，而(er)正向(xiang)(xiang)陽(yang)極(ji)電壓(ya)大到超過一(yi)定值(zhi)時(shi)(shi)，可控(kong)(kong)硅也(ye)會導通(tong)(tong)(tong)，但已屬于(yu)(yu)非正常工(gong)作情況了(le)。
可(ke)控(kong)硅這種通過觸(chu)發(fa)信號(hao)（小觸(chu)發(fa)電流(liu)）來(lai)控(kong)制導通（可(ke)控(kong)硅中(zhong)通過大(da)電流(liu)）的可(ke)控(kong)特性，正是它區別于普通硅整流(liu)二(er)極(ji)管的重要特征(zheng)。
由于可(ke)控硅只有導通和(he)關斷(duan)兩種工作(zuo)狀態，所(suo)以它(ta)具有開關特性，這種特性需要一定的條件才能轉化(hua)，此條件見表1
應用舉例：
可控硅(gui)在實際應用中電路(lu)(lu)花樣較(jiao)多的(de)是其(qi)柵極觸發回路(lu)(lu)，概括起來(lai)有直流觸發電路(lu)(lu)，交流觸發電路(lu)(lu)，相位(wei)觸發電路(lu)(lu)等等。
1、直流觸發電路：
如(ru)圖(tu)2是一個電(dian)視機常(chang)用的過壓(ya)(ya)保(bao)護電(dian)路，當(dang)E+電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)過高(gao)時A點電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)也變高(gao)，當(dang)它高(gao)于穩(wen)壓(ya)(ya)管DZ的穩(wen)壓(ya)(ya)值時DZ道(dao)通(tong)，可控(kong)硅(gui)D受觸發而道(dao)通(tong)將E+短(duan)路，使保(bao)險絲RJ熔斷，從而起(qi)到過壓(ya)(ya)保(bao)護的作用。
2、相位觸發電路：
相(xiang)(xiang)位觸(chu)(chu)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)實際上是交流觸(chu)(chu)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)的一(yi)種(zhong)，如圖3，這個電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)的方法是利用RC回路(lu)(lu)控(kong)制(zhi)觸(chu)(chu)發(fa)信號的相(xiang)(xiang)位。當R值較少(shao)時(shi)，RC時(shi)間(jian)常(chang)(chang)數(shu)較少(shao)，觸(chu)(chu)發(fa)信號的相(xiang)(xiang)移A1較少(shao)，因此負載(zai)獲得較大(da)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)功率；當R值較大(da)時(shi)，RC時(shi)間(jian)常(chang)(chang)數(shu)較大(da)，觸(chu)(chu)發(fa)信號的相(xiang)(xiang)移A2較大(da)，因此負載(zai)獲得較少(shao)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)功率。這個典型的電(dian)(dian)(dian)功率無級(ji)調整電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)在日常(chang)(chang)生(sheng)活中有很多(duo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)氣(qi)產品中都應用它。
可控硅(gui)主(zhu)要(yao)參數有：
1、 額定通態平均(jun)電流(liu)
在一定條(tiao)件下，陽極(ji)---陰(yin)極(ji)間可(ke)以(yi)連續通過的50赫茲正(zheng)弦半波電流(liu)的平均值。
2、 正向阻斷峰值電壓
在控(kong)制極(ji)開路未加觸發信號，陽(yang)極(ji)正(zheng)向(xiang)(xiang)電(dian)(dian)壓還(huan)未超過導能電(dian)(dian)壓時，可(ke)以(yi)重復(fu)加在可(ke)控(kong)硅(gui)(gui)兩端的正(zheng)向(xiang)(xiang)峰值電(dian)(dian)壓。可(ke)控(kong)硅(gui)(gui)承受的正(zheng)向(xiang)(xiang)電(dian)(dian)壓峰值，不能超過手冊給出的這(zhe)個參數(shu)值。
3、 反向(xiang)陰斷峰值電(dian)壓(ya)
當可控硅加反向(xiang)電壓(ya)，處于反向(xiang)關(guan)斷狀態時(shi)，可以重復加在可控硅兩端的反向(xiang)峰值(zhi)電壓(ya)。使用時(shi)，不能超過手冊給出的這個參數(shu)值(zhi)。
4、 控制極觸發電(dian)流
在規定(ding)(ding)的環境溫度下，陽極(ji)---陰極(ji)間加一定(ding)(ding)電壓，使(shi)可控硅從(cong)關斷狀態(tai)轉為導通狀態(tai)所需要的最小控制極(ji)電流和(he)電壓。
5、 維持電流
在規(gui)定溫(wen)度下，控制極(ji)斷路(lu)，維持(chi)可控硅(gui)導通所必需的最(zui)小陽極(ji)正(zheng)向電(dian)流。
采用(yong)可控硅(gui)技術對照明(ming)系統(tong)進行控制具(ju)有：電壓(ya)調(diao)節速度快，精(jing)度高，可分時(shi)段實(shi)時(shi)調(diao)整，有穩壓(ya)作用(yong)，采用(yong)電子元件(jian)，相(xiang)對來說(shuo)體積小、重量(liang)(liang)輕、成本低。但該調(diao)壓(ya)方(fang)式(shi)存在一致命(ming)缺陷，由(you)于(yu)斬波(bo)(bo)，使電壓(ya)無法實(shi)現(xian)(xian)正弦波(bo)(bo)輸出(chu)，還(huan)會出(chu)現(xian)(xian)大量(liang)(liang)諧(xie)波(bo)(bo)，形成對電網系統(tong)諧(xie)波(bo)(bo)污染，危(wei)害極大，不能(neng)用(yong)在有電容(rong)補償電路中(zhong)。（現(xian)(xian)代(dai)照明(ming)設計要求規定，照明(ming)系統(tong)中(zhong)功率因數必須達(da)到0.9以上，而氣體放電燈的功率因數在一般在0.5以下，所以都(dou)設計用(yong)電容(rong)補償功率因數）在國(guo)外發達(da)國(guo)家，已有明(ming)文規定對電氣設備諧(xie)波(bo)(bo)含量(liang)(liang)的限(xian)制，在國(guo)內，北京(jing)、上海、廣州(zhou)等大城(cheng)市，已對諧(xie)波(bo)(bo)含量(liang)(liang)超標(biao)的設備限(xian)制并入(ru)電網使用(yong)。
采(cai)用可控(kong)(kong)硅技術對照明系(xi)統進行照度控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)時，可通過加裝濾波設備(bei)來有效降低諧波污(wu)染。
近(jin)年來(lai)，許多新型(xing)可控(kong)硅(gui)元件相繼問世(shi)，如適于高頻應用(yong)的(de)快速可控(kong)硅(gui)，可以(yi)用(yong)正或負的(de)觸(chu)發(fa)信(xin)號控(kong)制兩個方向導通的(de)雙向可控(kong)硅(gui)，可以(yi)用(yong)正觸(chu)發(fa)信(xin)號使其(qi)(qi)導通，用(yong)負觸(chu)發(fa)信(xin)號使其(qi)(qi)關斷的(de)可控(kong)硅(gui)等等。
應(ying)用介紹------可(ke)控(kong)硅在調(diao)光器中的應(ying)用：
可控硅調光(guang)器是(shi)目前舞臺照(zhao)明(ming)、環境照(zhao)明(ming)領域(yu)的主流設備(bei)。
在照明系統(tong)中使用的(de)(de)(de)各種調(diao)(diao)光(guang)器(qi)實質上(shang)就是一個交(jiao)(jiao)流調(diao)(diao)壓(ya)器(qi)，老式的(de)(de)(de)變(bian)壓(ya)器(qi)和(he)變(bian)阻(zu)器(qi)調(diao)(diao)光(guang)是采用調(diao)(diao)節電壓(ya)或電流的(de)(de)(de)幅度(du)來實現(xian)的(de)(de)(de)，如下圖(tu)所示(shi)。u1是未經調(diao)(diao)壓(ya)的(de)(de)(de)220V交(jiao)(jiao)流電的(de)(de)(de)波(bo)形(xing)，經調(diao)(diao)壓(ya)后的(de)(de)(de)電壓(ya)波(bo)形(xing)為(wei)u2，由(you)于其幅度(du)小于u1，使燈光(guang)變(bian)暗。在這種調(diao)(diao)光(guang)模式中，雖然改變(bian)了正(zheng)弦(xian)(xian)交(jiao)(jiao)流電的(de)(de)(de)幅值，但并(bing)未改變(bian)其正(zheng)弦(xian)(xian)波(bo)形(xing)的(de)(de)(de)本質。
![正玄波]( "正玄波")
與變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)、電阻(zu)器(qi)(qi)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)比，可(ke)(ke)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)硅(gui)(gui)調(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)光(guang)(guang)器(qi)(qi)有著完全不(bu)同(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)調(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)光(guang)(guang)機理(li)，它是(shi)(shi)采(cai)用(yong)(yong)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)位(wei)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)方法來實(shi)現調(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)或(huo)調(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)光(guang)(guang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。對于(yu)普(pu)通(tong)反(fan)(fan)向(xiang)阻(zu)斷型可(ke)(ke)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)硅(gui)(gui)，其閘流(liu)(liu)特(te)性表現為(wei)(wei)當(dang)可(ke)(ke)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)硅(gui)(gui)加(jia)上(shang)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)向(xiang)陽(yang)(yang)極(ji)(ji)電壓(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)同(tong)(tong)時(shi)又加(jia)上(shang)適當(dang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)向(xiang)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)電壓(ya)(ya)(ya)時(shi)，可(ke)(ke)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)硅(gui)(gui)就導(dao)(dao)通(tong)；這一導(dao)(dao)通(tong)即使在(zai)(zai)撤(che)去門極(ji)(ji)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)電壓(ya)(ya)(ya)后(hou)(hou)仍(reng)將維持，一直(zhi)到加(jia)上(shang)反(fan)(fan)向(xiang)陽(yang)(yang)極(ji)(ji)電壓(ya)(ya)(ya)或(huo)陽(yang)(yang)極(ji)(ji)電流(liu)(liu)小(xiao)于(yu)可(ke)(ke)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)硅(gui)(gui)自身的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)維持電流(liu)(liu)后(hou)(hou)才關斷。普(pu)通(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)可(ke)(ke)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)硅(gui)(gui)調(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)光(guang)(guang)器(qi)(qi)就是(shi)(shi)利用(yong)(yong)可(ke)(ke)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)硅(gui)(gui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)這一特(te)性實(shi)現前(qian)(qian)沿觸發相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)調(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。在(zai)(zai)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)弦(xian)波(bo)交(jiao)流(liu)(liu)電過(guo)零后(hou)(hou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)某一時(shi)刻(ke)t1（或(huo)某一相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)位(wei)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)wt1），在(zai)(zai)可(ke)(ke)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)硅(gui)(gui)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)極(ji)(ji)上(shang)加(jia)一觸發脈(mo)(mo)(mo)沖(chong)，使可(ke)(ke)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)硅(gui)(gui)導(dao)(dao)通(tong)，根據前(qian)(qian)面介(jie)紹(shao)過(guo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)可(ke)(ke)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)硅(gui)(gui)開(kai)關特(te)性，這一導(dao)(dao)通(tong)將維持到正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)弦(xian)波(bo)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)半(ban)周(zhou)(zhou)結束。因此在(zai)(zai)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)弦(xian)波(bo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)半(ban)周(zhou)(zhou)（即0~p區間）中(zhong)，0~wt1范(fan)圍(wei)可(ke)(ke)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)硅(gui)(gui)不(bu)導(dao)(dao)通(tong)，這一范(fan)圍(wei)稱(cheng)為(wei)(wei)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)，常(chang)用(yong)(yong)a表示；而(er)(er)在(zai)(zai)wt1~p間可(ke)(ke)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)硅(gui)(gui)導(dao)(dao)通(tong)，這一范(fan)圍(wei)稱(cheng)為(wei)(wei)導(dao)(dao)通(tong)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)，常(chang)用(yong)(yong)j表示。同(tong)(tong)理(li)在(zai)(zai)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)弦(xian)波(bo)交(jiao)流(liu)(liu)電的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)負(fu)半(ban)周(zhou)(zhou)，對處(chu)于(yu)反(fan)(fan)向(xiang)聯接的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)另(ling)一個可(ke)(ke)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)硅(gui)(gui)（對兩個單向(xiang)可(ke)(ke)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)硅(gui)(gui)反(fan)(fan)并聯或(huo)雙向(xiang)可(ke)(ke)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)硅(gui)(gui)而(er)(er)言）在(zai)(zai)t2時(shi)刻(ke)（即相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)位(wei)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)wt2）施(shi)加(jia)觸發脈(mo)(mo)(mo)沖(chong)，使其導(dao)(dao)通(tong)。如(ru)此周(zhou)(zhou)而(er)(er)復始，對正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)弦(xian)波(bo)每半(ban)個周(zhou)(zhou)期控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)其導(dao)(dao)通(tong)，獲得相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)同(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)導(dao)(dao)通(tong)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)。如(ru)改(gai)變(bian)觸發脈(mo)(mo)(mo)沖(chong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)施(shi)加(jia)時(shi)間（或(huo)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)位(wei)），即改(gai)變(bian)了導(dao)(dao)通(tong)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)j（或(huo)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)a）的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)大小(xiao)。導(dao)(dao)通(tong)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)越(yue)大調(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)光(guang)(guang)器(qi)(qi)輸出(chu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電壓(ya)(ya)(ya)越(yue)高，燈就越(yue)亮。從上(shang)述可(ke)(ke)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)硅(gui)(gui)調(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)光(guang)(guang)原理(li)可(ke)(ke)知(zhi)，調(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)光(guang)(guang)器(qi)(qi)輸出(chu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電壓(ya)(ya)(ya)波(bo)形已經不(bu)再(zai)是(shi)(shi)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)弦(xian)波(bo)了，除(chu)非調(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)光(guang)(guang)器(qi)(qi)處(chu)在(zai)(zai)全導(dao)(dao)通(tong)狀態，即導(dao)(dao)通(tong)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)為(wei)(wei)180°（或(huo)p）。正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)是(shi)(shi)由于(yu)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)弦(xian)波(bo)被切割、波(bo)形遭受破壞(huai)，會給(gei)電網帶來干擾(rao)等問題……
好的(de)調光設備應采取必要措施，努力降低使用(yong)可控(kong)硅(gui)技術(shu)后產生的(de)干擾(rao)。
可控硅的作用
可(ke)(ke)控(kong)硅(gui)的作用(yong)之一(yi)就是可(ke)(ke)控(kong)整(zheng)流(liu)，這也是可(ke)(ke)控(kong)硅(gui)最基(ji)本也很重要(yao)的作用(yong)。大家所熟知的二極管整(zheng)流(liu)電路只可(ke)(ke)完(wan)成整(zheng)流(liu)的功能，并沒有實現(xian)可(ke)(ke)控(kong)，而(er)一(yi)旦把(ba)二極管換做可(ke)(ke)控(kong)硅(gui)，便構成了一(yi)個可(ke)(ke)控(kong)整(zheng)流(liu)電路。
在(zai)一(yi)個最基本的(de)單相半波可(ke)(ke)控(kong)整流(liu)電(dian)(dian)路中(zhong)，當正弦交流(liu)電(dian)(dian)壓處(chu)于正半周時，只(zhi)有在(zai)控(kong)制(zhi)極(ji)外加觸(chu)發(fa)脈沖時，可(ke)(ke)控(kong)硅才被觸(chu)發(fa)導通，負載上(shang)(shang)才會有電(dian)(dian)壓輸出，因此可(ke)(ke)以通過改(gai)變控(kong)制(zhi)極(ji)上(shang)(shang)觸(chu)發(fa)脈沖到來的(de)時間，來進一(yi)步調節(jie)負載上(shang)(shang)輸出電(dian)(dian)壓的(de)平均(jun)值，達到可(ke)(ke)控(kong)整流(liu)的(de)作(zuo)用。
可(ke)控硅的作用之二就是用作無觸點開關，經常用于(yu)自(zi)動(dong)化設備(bei)中，代替通用繼(ji)電器(qi)，具有無噪音(yin)、壽命長的特點。
可控硅的作用三：開(kai)關和調壓作用
可控(kong)硅(gui)的(de)(de)作用(yong)(yong)之三就是起到(dao)開關和(he)調(diao)壓(ya)的(de)(de)作用(yong)(yong)，經常應用(yong)(yong)于(yu)交流(liu)電(dian)(dian)路中，由于(yu)其(qi)被觸(chu)發時(shi)間(jian)不同，因(yin)此通過它的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)只(zhi)有(you)其(qi)交流(liu)周期的(de)(de)一部分，通過它的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)只(zhi)有(you)全(quan)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)的(de)(de)一部分，因(yin)而起到(dao)調(diao)節輸出電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)的(de)(de)作用(yong)(yong)。
在線客服