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晶閘管投切電(dian)容器在電(dian)網中有(you)哪(na)些應(ying)用呢？隨(sui)著我國經濟的(de)(de)快速發展(zhan)，各種大(da)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)整流(liu)、變頻等工(gong)業電(dian)(dian)(dian)子設(she)備的(de)(de)應用，在電(dian)(dian)(dian)網建設(she)和(he)(he)運行(xing)過程中，電(dian)(dian)(dian)網電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)波形畸變、功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)因(yin)素低(di)、諧波嚴重，對(dui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)網造成(cheng)大(da)量污染，造成(cheng)很大(da)的(de)(de)損耗(hao)(hao)。為了提(ti)(ti)高電(dian)(dian)(dian)網的(de)(de)傳輸(shu)(shu)(shu)能力，穩定供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)，提(ti)(ti)高電(dian)(dian)(dian)能利用率(lv)(lv)，節(jie)電(dian)(dian)(dian)降耗(hao)(hao)，保護(hu)環境，減(jian)少成(cheng)本，有(you)效途(tu)徑就是對(dui)配(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)系統進(jin)行(xing)無功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)補償，提(ti)(ti)高功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)因(yin)數。 采用晶(jing)閘管投切(qie)電(dian)(dian)(dian)容器對(dui)配(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)系統進(jin)行(xing)無功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)補償，可有(you)效提(ti)(ti)高電(dian)(dian)(dian)網功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)因(yin)素，降低(di)變壓(ya)器和(he)(he)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)線(xian)路的(de)(de)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)損耗(hao)(hao)，增(zeng)強變壓(ya)器輸(shu)(shu)(shu)送能力，提(ti)(ti)高電(dian)(dian)(dian)網輸(shu)(shu)(shu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)效率(lv)(lv)，節(jie)能降耗(hao)(hao)，減(jian)少電(dian)(dian)(dian)網建設(she)和(he)(he)運行(xing)成(cheng)本。? 　
　
一、引(yin)言? 　　
隨著電(dian)(dian)力電(dian)(dian)子技術的(de)發(fa)展，高壓晶閘(zha)管的(de)誕生和應用(yong)(yong)，新型的(de)靜(jing)止無(wu)功補償設備(bei)—晶閘(zha)管投(tou)(tou)切(qie)電(dian)(dian)容(rong)器（Thyristor Switch capacitor一TSC）逐步(bu)取代(dai)了機械式開(kai)關投(tou)(tou)切(qie)電(dian)(dian)容(rong)器。晶閘(zha)管開(kai)關是無(wu)觸點的(de)，操(cao)作壽命(ming)幾乎是無(wu)限的(de)，有(you)效(xiao)提高電(dian)(dian)容(rong)器和開(kai)關設備(bei)的(de)使用(yong)(yong)壽命(ming)，且晶閘(zha)管的(de)投(tou)(tou)切(qie)時刻可以(yi)精確控(kong)制，能(neng)夠快(kuai)速、頻繁(fan)、無(wu)沖擊地(di)將(jiang)電(dian)(dian)容(rong)器、電(dian)(dian)抗器等設備(bei)接入(ru)電(dian)(dian)網，大(da)大(da)減(jian)小了投(tou)(tou)切(qie)時的(de)沖擊涌流(liu)和操(cao)作困(kun)難，并可實現分(fen)相補償。? 　　
二、TSC 工作原理? 　　
TSC型補償器是(shi)(shi)一種斷(duan)(duan)續可(ke)調的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發出無(wu)功功率的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)動態(tai)補償裝置(zhi)，其基本原(yuan)理如圖1所(suo)示。常(chang)用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)三相電(dian)(dian)路，可(ke)以(yi)是(shi)(shi)三角形連接，也(ye)可(ke)以(yi)是(shi)(shi)星形連接。兩個反并(bing)聯(lian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)晶(jing)閘(zha)管起著把(ba)電(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器C并(bing)入(ru)電(dian)(dian)網(wang)或者從電(dian)(dian)網(wang)斷(duan)(duan)開(kai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)作用(yong)(yong)，串聯(lian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)感L很小，用(yong)(yong)來(lai)抑制電(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器投入(ru)電(dian)(dian)網(wang)時可(ke)能出現(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)沖擊(ji)電(dian)(dian)流。在實際(ji)工程應用(yong)(yong)中，為避免容(rong)(rong)量較(jiao)大的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器組(zu)(zu)同時投入(ru)或切斷(duan)(duan)會對(dui)電(dian)(dian)網(wang)造(zao)成(cheng)較(jiao)大的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)沖擊(ji)，一般(ban)把(ba)電(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器分成(cheng)幾組(zu)(zu)，這(zhe)樣可(ke)以(yi)根(gen)據電(dian)(dian)網(wang)對(dui)無(wu)功功率的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)要求(qiu)而改變投入(ru)電(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)容(rong)(rong)量，成(cheng)為斷(duan)(duan)續可(ke)調的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)動態(tai)無(wu)功功率補償器。? 　　
TSC的(de)(de)關鍵技術(shu)問(wen)題是(shi)投切(qie)電(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器的(de)(de)時刻選取。為了投切(qie)效(xiao)果(guo)更好，必須對(dui)電(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)預先充電(dian)(dian)。電(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)組的(de)(de)較好投切(qie)時間是(shi)晶閘管兩端電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)為零(ling)的(de)(de)時刻，也就是(shi)電(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器兩端電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)等于(yu)電(dian)(dian)源電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)的(de)(de)時刻。這樣，電(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)不(bu)會產生躍變，也就不(bu)會產生沖(chong)擊電(dian)(dian)流(liu)，電(dian)(dian)流(liu)也沒(mei)有階躍變化。? 　　
　
控(kong)制(zhi)電(dian)(dian)路通過(guo)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)、電(dian)(dian)流互感器(qi)從10kV母線(xian)上(shang)測(ce)得電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)和(he)電(dian)(dian)流信號(hao)，由監控(kong)系(xi)統(tong)的控(kong)制(zhi)器(qi)對(dui)信號(hao)進行(xing)分析和(he)判斷，確定系(xi)統(tong)的無功功率需求量(liang)；控(kong)制(zhi)器(qi)觸發電(dian)(dian)路發出(chu)觸發信號(hao)或者閉鎖、跳閘等保(bao)(bao)護信號(hao)，進行(xing)電(dian)(dian)容器(qi)的投(tou)切或保(bao)(bao)護等動(dong)作；開(kai)關電(dian)(dian)路控(kong)制(zhi)補償電(dian)(dian)容器(qi)投(tou)切到(dao)系(xi)統(tong)；緩沖(chong)電(dian)(dian)路對(dui)開(kai)關電(dian)(dian)路兩端(duan)出(chu)現的過(guo)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)和(he)過(guo)電(dian)(dian)流起緩沖(chong)作用；保(bao)(bao)護電(dian)(dian)路限制(zhi)系(xi)統(tong)的暫(zan)態(tai)過(guo)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)，保(bao)(bao)護系(xi)統(tong)安全運行(xing)。? 　　

三、TSC 在10KV配電網的應用? 　　

某市(shi)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)局(ju)在10KV變電(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)母線上安(an)裝(zhuang)無功補(bu)償裝(zhuang)置，該(gai)裝(zhuang)置采用固(gu)定(ding)電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)與(yu)可(ke)調(diao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)并聯運行(xing)方(fang)式(shi)（FC+TSC），由(you)若干不可(ke)控電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器(qi)與(yu)TSC并聯而成，固(gu)定(ding)電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)的(de)容(rong)(rong)量(liang)為(wei)1Mvar，TSC部分的(de)容(rong)(rong)量(liang)為(wei)1.5Mvar，采取(qu)分相補(bu)償以調(diao)節不平衡負(fu)荷。TSC裝(zhuang)置的(de)三相分成兩組電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)配置，每(mei)相所配置的(de)容(rong)(rong)量(liang)分別(bie)為(wei)200kvar/14kV 和300kvar/14kV。? 　　

在該變(bian)電站(zhan)運行(xing)過程中，我們檢測并統計(ji)了功(gong)率因(yin)素、母線(xian)電壓電流等運行(xing)數據，如表1所(suo)示。? 　　

表1 加(jia)裝TSC裝置后變(bian)電(dian)站(zhan)運行數據(ju)? 　　
根(gen)據表(biao)1所(suo)(suo)示(shi)，TSC系統根(gen)據電(dian)網所(suo)(suo)需無(wu)功(gong)功(gong)率(lv)的變(bian)化，自動投切電(dian)容(rong)器(qi)組，使電(dian)網功(gong)率(lv)因素提(ti)高，母線(xian)相電(dian)流降低(di)，從(cong)而使變(bian)壓器(qi)輸出功(gong)率(lv)降低(di)。當投入(ru)固定(ding)組和投入(ru)兩(liang)組電(dian)容(rong)器(qi)時(shi)，變(bian)壓器(qi)輸出功(gong)率(lv)分別為：? 　　
從而(er)，變壓器輸(shu)出功率降(jiang)低(di)：? 　　
設變壓器的額定功率為40000kW，可增加變壓器輸送能力：? 　　
配電(dian)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)損(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)耗分為(wei)鐵(tie)損(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)（空載(zai)損(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)耗）和銅損(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)（負載(zai)損(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)耗）兩部分。鐵(tie)損(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)對某(mou)一型(xing)號變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)來說是固定的(de)，與(yu)負載(zai)電(dian)流無關(guan)，該(gai)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)空載(zai)損(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)耗為(wei)32kW。銅損(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)與(yu)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)負載(zai)率的(de)平方成正比。當投(tou)(tou)入固定組(zu)和投(tou)(tou)入兩組(zu)電(dian)容器(qi)(qi)時，變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)的(de)負載(zai)損(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)耗分別為(wei)：? 　　
從而(er)，變壓器損耗減少(shao)：? 　　
輸電線路長度約5公里，計算(suan)其輸電過程(cheng)中(zhong)有(you)功(gong)功(gong)率(lv)損耗。當投入固定(ding)組和(he)投入兩組時，輸電線路有(you)功(gong)功(gong)率(lv)損耗分(fen)別(bie)為(wei)：? 從而，輸電線路有(you)功(gong)功(gong)率(lv)損耗減少：? 　　
所以(yi)，在變壓器損耗(hao)和輸(shu)電(dian)線路(lu)上的減少有功(gong)損耗(hao)? 　　
由(you)此可計(ji)算出，加裝(zhuang)TSC裝(zhuang)置后(hou)，每天可節省電能? 　　
全(quan)年(nian)可節省(sheng)電能? 　　
按照(zhao)惠州市平均電價(jia)每千瓦時0.75元計算(suan)，每年(nian)可節省(sheng)約(yue)295650元。? 　　
四、結論? 　　
TSC裝(zhuang)置能(neng)夠自(zi)(zi)動適應變(bian)電站各(ge)種運行方式和無(wu)功(gong)功(gong)率(lv)(lv)的(de)變(bian)化，自(zi)(zi)動準確(que)快速地投切(qie)補(bu)償電容器，無(wu)沖(chong)擊，無(wu)過電壓(ya)，性能(neng)穩(wen)定可靠，達(da)到變(bian)電站無(wu)功(gong)補(bu)償自(zi)(zi)動投切(qie)的(de)控制要(yao)求(qiu)，能(neng)有效提高電網(wang)(wang)功(gong)率(lv)(lv)因素，降低變(bian)壓(ya)器和輸電線路的(de)功(gong)率(lv)(lv)損耗，增強變(bian)壓(ya)器輸送能(neng)力，提高電網(wang)(wang)輸電效率(lv)(lv)，節能(neng)降耗，減少電網(wang)(wang)建設和運行成本(ben)，在電網(wang)(wang)的(de)建設中具有良好的(de)應用前景。? 　
希拓電(dian)(dian)氣(qi)，專(zhuan)業的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)能(neng)質量(liang)專(zhuan)家，為您提(ti)供完善(shan)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)能(neng)質量(liang)解決方案(an)，讓您買的(de)(de)放心(xin)(xin)，用的(de)(de)舒心(xin)(xin)！