某廠采用電容柜集中跟蹤補償，以無功補償投切裝置作為控制保護裝置，將低壓電容器組補償在400V母線上的補償方式。在運行過程中，發現工廠整個電網功率因數會低于0.9，出現不合格現象，故組織人員對造成功率因數不合格的情(qing)況(kuang)進行分析。
電容補償柜問題分析
①熔斷器不利于檢查、復位
電(dian)容柜使用熔斷(duan)器數量多，現正在使用的320個(ge)，熔斷(duan)器容易(yi)(yi)熔斷(duan)，底座連接處容易(yi)(yi)燒(shao)毀，不易(yi)(yi)發(fa)現故(gu)障(zhang)，故(gu)障(zhang)熔斷(duan)后，必(bi)須重(zhong)新更換熔體。
②電容柜內器件布局結構不合理
低壓母(mu)線位于(yu)柜(ju)內最(zui)(zui)(zui)里面，最(zui)(zui)(zui)外(wai)層上端(duan)熔斷器(qi)(qi)容(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)、接觸器(qi)(qi)，最(zui)(zui)(zui)下面為(wei)補償電(dian)容(rong)(rong)，柜(ju)體(ti)低壓母(mu)線與最(zui)(zui)(zui)外(wai)層中(zhong)間(jian)為(wei)電(dian)抗器(qi)(qi)。電(dian)容(rong)(rong)柜(ju)內期(qi)間(jian)布局結構不(bu)合理，無法(fa)進行檢修和保養(yang)，造(zao)成(cheng)電(dian)抗器(qi)(qi)、電(dian)容(rong)(rong)電(dian)纜連接線氧(yang)化、損壞。
③電容柜無PLC數據采集設備
現(xian)場電容(rong)柜各器件的(de)工作(zuo)狀(zhuang)態(tai)及故障(zhang)情況沒有及時上傳到能源控制中心，操作(zuo)人員(yuan)無法準確、及時撞我(wo)設備(bei)運(yun)行狀(zhuang)態(tai)。
④無電抗器或電抗器K值配置不合理
電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)補償柜的(de)設(she)計大多只(zhi)考(kao)慮(lv)無功(gong)補償，不考(kao)慮(lv)設(she)點的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能質量(liang)，因此在運行點電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能質量(liang)低時，存在較大諧(xie)波干(gan)擾時，如果無電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)抗器(qi)或(huo)現有(you)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)抗器(qi)K值和電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網存在諧(xie)波不匹配，常造成(cheng)補償裝(zhuang)置投不上、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)損壞、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)保(bao)護熔(rong)(rong)斷(duan)絲頻繁熔(rong)(rong)斷(duan)，甚至發生(sheng)串并聯諧(xie)振(zhen)，這種諧(xie)振(zhen)往往會使諧(xie)波電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流放大到幾倍甚至數十(shi)倍，會對(dui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網及(ji)并聯電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)和與之串聯的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)抗器(qi)產(chan)生(sheng)很(hen)大的(de)為諧(xie)，并使電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)和電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)抗器(qi)燒毀(hui)。
解決方案
根據以上的問題分析，針對性的采取一些的改進措施：
①用斷路器代替熔斷器
②優化電容柜內器件布局結構
③選擇合適K值的電抗器安裝
總結：通過對策實施(shi)，提高功率因(yin)數合格率且保證功率因(yin)數在0.96，保證變配電系統穩定性。
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